background and purpose:   methods   results:   conclusion:

Stemming from union intolerance as a psychological construct, defined sustained hatred by nonunion employees when unions are perceived to encourage intolerable vices in and, notably, employees, we sought broaden the empirical basis claim scale validity for scale. In doing so, targeted two forms of construct validity: convergent-discriminant and concurrent criterion-related validity. Based on su...

An essential component of an operational definition is measurement. A simple and accurate definition of measurement is the assignment of numbers to a variable in which we are interested. These numbers will provide the raw material for our statistical analysis. Measurement is so common and taken for granted that we seldom ask why we measure things or worry about the different forms that measurem...