BACKGROUND Creatine kinase (CK) exists as three cytosolic isoenzymes, CK-MM, CK-MB, and CK-BB, and one mitochondrial isoenzyme. Animal and human observations suggest that the CK-MB content of myocardium is dynamic and may increase in response to ischemia, but the response of the myocardial CK system to chronic coronary artery occlusion is not well-defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured seri...

T cells navigate complex microenvironments to initiate and modulate antigen-specific immune responses. While recent intravital microscopy study revealed that migration of T cells were guided by various tissue microstructures containing unique nanoscale topographical structures, the effects of complex nanotopographical structures on the migration of T cells have not been systematically studied. ...

Potassium (K) is an important plant macronutrient that has various functions throughout the whole plant over its entire life span. Cytokinins (CKs) are known to regulate macronutrient homeostasis by controlling the expression of nitrate, phosphate and sulfate transporters. Although several studies have described how CKs signal deficiencies for some macronutrients, the roles of CKs in K signalin...

The effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during vegetative growth. The results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°C (high nighttime temperature, HNT) than at 22°C (CK). However, the increase in both shoot and root biomasses was not significant under 10 mg N/L. The shoot nitrogen concentratio...

Cytokinins (CKs) are involved in the regulation of plant development including plastid differentiation and function. Partial location of CK biosynthetic pathways in plastids suggests the importance of CKs for chloroplast development. The impact of genetically modified CK metabolism on endogenous CK, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid contents in leaves and isolated intact chloroplasts of N...

The theoretical part of this paper presents and discusses the conflict between Ontology and Commonsense Knowledge (CK) in the context of Computer-Human Interaction/Communication. A resolution of this conflict is proposed, where Ontology is considered as a special case of CK (i.e. a formal CK). By this “rehabilitation” of Ontology to “CK Base”, we extend “by the way” the meaning and scope of Ont...

Water stress reduces endogenous cytokinin (CK) content and may inhibit CK production. Maintenance of endogenous CK levels by genetic transformation with ipt in leaves and roots undergoing senescence may promote stress tolerance. This study was designed to determine the physiological effects of ipt expression on immature and mature leaves and in roots for plants exposed to different levels of wa...

Numerous studies indicate that evolutionary concepts can and should be taught at the primary school level. However, teaching evolution in is presumably not yet norm globally. At same time, educational potential of lies their applicability to many curriculum topics natural social sciences. Capitalizing on this requires broad teacher content knowledge (CK) pedagogical (PCK) about concepts. much k...