Recent theories have proposed that contingency learning occurs independent of control processes. These parallel processing accounts propose that behavioral effects originally thought to be products of control processes are in fact products solely of contingency learning. This view runs contrary to conflict-mediated Hebbian-learning models that posit control and contingency learning are parts of...

Many studies of contingency judgments have used a task in which, on each trial, the participant is free either to respond or not to respond, and an outcome may, or may not, be presented. Typically, the experimenter specifies a nominal value for the contingency between responding and outcome, but the actual values of a variety of variables experienced by a particular participant depend on that p...

This study investigated students' allocation of responding as a function of task difficulty and type of reinforcement contingency (i.e., accuracy based or time based). Four regular education fourth-grade students were presented with two identical stacks of easy and then difficult math worksheets using a reversal design. Regardless of condition, completing problems from each stack of worksheets ...

Over the past fewdecades correspondence analysis has gained an international reputation as a powerful statistical tool for the graphical analysis of contingency tables. This popularity stems from its development and application inmany European countries, especially France, and its use has spread to English speaking nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Its growing popularity...

Weighted metric scaling (Cuadras and Fortiana 1995b) is a natural extension of classic metric scaling which encompasses several well-known techniques of Euclidean representation of data, including correspondence analysis of bivariate contingency tables. A continuous version of this technique, following the trend initiated in (Cuadras and For-tiana 1993, 1995a) is applied to the study of several...

In this paper Knockout Refinement Algorithm (KRA) is proposed to refine original clusters obtained by applying SOM and K-Means clustering algorithms. KRA Algorithm is based on Contingency Table concepts. Metrics are computed for the Original and Refined Clusters. Quality of Original and Refined Clusters are compared in terms of metrics. The proposed algorithm (KRA) is tested in the educational ...

Power transformations of positive data tables, prior to applying the correspondence analysis algorithm, are shown to open up a family of methods with direct connections to the analysis of log-ratios. Two variations of this idea are illustrated. The first approach is simply to power the original data and perform a correspondence analysis – this method is shown to converge to unweighted log-ratio...

This paper uses a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between hypothetical bias and the price respondents are asked to pay. For public goods, the results clearly indicate a difference in the price elasticity between hypothetical and actual payment conditions. Since the bias increases for larger dollar amounts, any simple guidelines, such as NOAA’s “divide by two” rule of thumb, could be m...

SUMMARY We propose a new technique for the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion that considerably extends the bounds of computational feasibility. Our algorithm is constructed analogously to a network algorithm for Freeman-Halton exact test in two-way contingency tables. In this algorithm, the smallest and largest values for the statistic are important and some interesting new theorems are p...