Pearson’s test and likelihood ratio test are two of the classical tests frequently used for testing the equality of r distributions using the data in the contingency tables. Presently we suggest an alternative test for testing the equality of distributions. It is found that the alternative test has, in general, more satisfactory levels of the acceptance probabilities under the null hypothesis, ...

The original chi-square test, often known as Pearson’s chi-square, dates from papers by Karl Pearson in the earlier 1900s. The test serves both as a ”goodnessof-fit” test, where the data are categorized along one dimension, and as a test for the more common ”contingency table”, in which categorization is across two or more dimensions. Voinov and Nikulin, this volume, discuss the controversy ove...

In one form of a contingency judgement task individuals must judge the relationship between an action and an outcome. There are reports that depressed individuals are more accurate than are non-depressed individuals in this task. In particular, nondepressed individuals are influenced by manipulations that affect the salience of the outcome, especially outcome probability. They overestimate a co...

This paper describes experience using Obstacle Analysis to identify contingency requirements on an unpiloted aerial vehicle. A contingency is an operational anomaly, and may or may not involve component failure. The challenges to this effort were: (1) rapid evolution of the system while operational, (2) incremental autonomy as capabilities were transferred from ground control to software contro...

Principles of a dynamic, dyadic systems view of mother-infant face-to-face communication, which considers self- and interactive processes in relation to one another, were tested. The process of interaction across time in a large low-risk community sample at infant age 4 months was examined. Split-screen videotape was coded on a 1-s time base for communication modalities of attention, affect, or...

In the steady-state contingency analysis, traditional Newton-Raphson method suffers from non-convergence issues when solving post-outage power flow problems, which hinders integrity and accuracy of security assessment. this paper, we propose a novel robust analysis approach based on holomorphic embedding (HE). The HE-based simulator provides theoretical convergence guarantee, is desirable becau...

A new methodology is introduced for comparing the structures of several contingency tables. The latter, built up from di6erent samples or populations, present the same rows and di6erent columns (or vice versa). This methodology combines some aspects of principal axes methods (global maximum dispersion axes), canonical correlation techniques (canonical dispersion axes) and Procrustes analysis (s...

Contingency is necessary to mitigate and control risk associated with construction projects. Successful contingency estimation and risk mitigation strategies can help project managers to effectively control cost and schedule. Some practitioners mitigate risk by transferring it to another party with less effort and minimum cost. However, this may lead to undesirable results such as; useless depl...