ObjectivesIn the United States, medication errors are considered to be cause of 7000 deaths annually. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is a management process that focuses on continually and systematically evaluating organization’s work process. In community pharmacy, CQI leads enhanced patient safety through reduction in quality-related events (QREs). There limited information about variat...

In this paper, a new methodology in the area of cost of quality (COQ) is proposed to determine the optimal investment allocation to all costs. The goal is to minimize costs involved in achieving a required level of quality. The contribution of this paper is fourfold: (I) considering two types of weights for each part of COQ, in which the first type is determined by the cost volume and the secon...

This paper describes the first attempt by a general practice in Bournemouth, UK to apply continuous quality improvement (CQI) methodology to its own working practices. It has been written in the hope that some of the lessons learnt might be of value to other practices interested in exploring a similar approach. In his classic “bad apples” paper of 1989, Berwick advocated the potential value of ...

today, to increase effectiveness is a strategy for success of organizations and their viability. in health care organization not only service cost- effectiveness is a major problem for productivity and organizational management but also customer-centred is in first priority. because of these reasons, most of health organization trend to patient satisfaction for their viability. if complex proce...