Nitrosocyanin (NC) is a mononuclear red copper protein isolated from the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Although NC exhibits some sequence homology to classic blue copper proteins, its spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are drastically different. The 1.65 A resolution crystal structure of oxidized NC reveals an unprecedented trimer of single domain cupredoxins. Eac...

The trace element copper is vital to the healthy functioning of organisms. Copper is used in a multitude of cellular activities including respiration, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Recently, copper has become a focus in medical research ranging from Alzheimer's disease to cancer. Copper modulation has been suggested to be a potential modality for therapy in these diseases. Several copper-...

In 1993, the candidate genes for Menkes disease and Wilson disease were cloned, and remarkable progress has been made in the study of copper metabolism during the past 10 years. The proteins induced by the ATP7A and ATP7B genes are highly homologous. Both are P-type ATP-related coppertransporter membrane proteins, and control cellular copper transport. Recently, three chaperones supplying coppe...

Primary chronic forms of copper poisoning have been reported to occur in goats around the copper industries in Kerman province. The survey was carried out from autumn 2015 to the end of summer 2016, in Kerman province, Iran. Based on clinical signs, confirmed by necropsy and copper concentration of serum and different tissues, ten live chronic copper poisoned (CCP) goats were used in the study ...

background: it is well established that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl) plays a causal role in human atherogenesis and the risk of atherosclerosis is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. we examined the in vitro effect of glucose on native and glycated ldl oxidation using copper ion dependent oxidation system. methods: in this study, ldl was isolated from plasma...

BACKGROUND Inhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of so...

Biliary excretion is the major elimination route of copper, therefore increased hepatic copper concentrations could be caused by cholestasis. Hepatic copper accumulation is cytotoxic and results in fibrosis in hepatic tissues. Aim: The aim of this work is to determine the concentration of copper in serum and hepatic tissue in infants with cholestasis and its impact on liver function tests. Subj...

Bacterial and viral contamination of touch surfaces allows for transmission of pathogens leading to increased risk of infection. Previous work has demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of copper for contact-killing of microbes for use in hospitals. Less research exists on copper as an antiviral surface and on the effects of nanomaterial copper surfaces in the contact-killing of viruses. Nan...

It is well known that copper is a key factor regulating expression of the two forms of methane monooxygenase found in proteobacterial methanotrophs. Of these forms, the cytoplasmic, or soluble, methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is expressed only at low copper concentrations. The membrane-bound, or particulate, methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is constitutively expressed with respect to copper, and such ...

Copper homeostasis in bacteria is challenged by periodic elevation of copper levels in the environment, arising from both natural sources and human inputs. Several mechanisms have evolved to efflux copper from bacterial cells, including thecus(copper sensing copper efflux system), andpco(plasmid-borne copper resistance system) systems. The genes belonging to these two systems can be physically ...