in other to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits of 24 populations, from four species chamomile of the genus of anthemis, an experiment were carried out using randomized completely blocks design (rcbd) in three replications in alborz research station in karaj, iran during 2011-12. 13 traits including: length and width of canopy diameter, plant height, number of flower, shoot fres...

Wrightia tinctoria Roxb. (R.Br.) is an Ayurvedic remedy, ethnomedically used in the treatment of various ailments. The present work was carried out to evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity as well as total phenolic and phytochemical contents of W. tinctoria bark methanolic extract (WTBM) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector. Antiproliferative activity...

Second-stage larvae of Rehizonma sequoiae Cid del Prado Vera et al. tunnel through the cortex of the redwood Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. root to the vascular tissue where each developing female induces a single ovoid or occasionally spherical giant cell with a single ovoid to spherical nucleus containing one to four enlarged nucleoli. Nematode tunnels are filled with a gel material and ...

Strong seed dormancy has been an obstacle for field production of Echinacea species. Previous research on overcoming Echinacea seed dormancy has been extensive and focused on treatment methods, which involve time and expense, and are incompatible with organic production if synthetic chemicals are used. We have attempted to genetically reduce seed dormancy through selection and breeding in Echin...

Aurone synthase from Coreopsis grandiflora (cgAUS1), catalyzing conversion of butein to sulfuretin in a type-3 copper center, is a rare example of a polyphenol oxidase involved in anabolism. Site-directed mutagenesis around the CuA site of AUS1 was performed, and recombinant enzymes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Replacement of the coordinating CuA histidines with alanine resulted in the p...

The problem of sound transmission and reflection from unbounded panels of functionally graded materials is studied using an analytical approach. By means of matrix manipulation and Fourier component analysis, the three-dimensional (3-D) governing equations of elastodynamics are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients in the frequency and wavenumber ...

Roads are a major driver of environmental stress, yet we know surprisingly little about how roads impact the movement insect pollinators, and consequent pollination. We investigated influence on pollinator pollination by examining patterns pigment transfer between focal plants two species, Coreopsis verticillata Monarda fistulosa. asked whether reduced transfer, what characteristics were import...

Prior archival studies of analysts’ forecasts have found evidence for systematic underreaction, systematic overreaction, and systematic optimism bias. Easterwood and Nutt (1999) attempt to reconcile the conflicting evidence by testing the robustness of Abarbanell and Bernard’s (1992) underreaction results to the nature of the information. Consistent with systematic optimism, forecasts are found...

Bajakah and akar kuning are known as traditional medicine from peatlands, which usually extracted their natural habitats. Over extraction illegal cutting have become a threat to the extinction of both species. Therefore, propagation cultivation those medicinal plants necessary be conducted outside forest areas meet demand raw materials minimize risk species extinction. The experiment stem two b...

Blue dye (indigo) from Indigofera tinctoria leaves is a popular natural used worldwide. The lower light fastness of indigo dyes compared to that synthetic blue one the drawbacks former, limiting its utiliz