The growing economic and ecological damage associated with biological invasions, which will likely be exacerbated by climate change, necessitates improved projections of invasive spread. Generally, potential changes in species distribution are investigated using climate envelope models; however, the reliability of such models has been questioned and they are not suitable for use at local scales...

Cisplatin is widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of several human malignancies. The efficacy is dose dependent, but the significant risk of nephrotoxicity frequently inhibits the use of higher doses to maximize its anti-neoplastic effects. In the present investigation, the Avuri kudineer [Decoction of Indigofera tinctoria] made of indigo leaves AKL, the Avuri kudineer made of i...

Indirubin, one of the key components of medicinal plants including Isatis tinctoria, Polygonum tinctorium, and Strobilanthes cusia, possesses great medicinal efficacy in the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Due to misidentification and similar name, materials containing indirubin and their close relatives frequently fall prey to adulteration. In this study, we selected an interna...

The common cold is the leading cause of doctor visits in the United States and annually results in 189 million lost school days. In the course of one year the U.S. population contracts approximately 1 billion colds. Influenza infection is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 20-25 million doctor visits and 36,000 deaths per year in the United States. Conventional the...

We provide a construction, refined from an inverse limit, that produces the mod 2 Steenrod and Dyer-Lashof algebras from each other. In fact, the construction relates various subalgebras and quotients of the universal Steenrod algebra of operations for H∞-ring spectra. We also describe how the construction transforms the axiomatic properties of homogeneous pre-Koszul algebras and Poincaré-Birkh...

Many herbaceous perennials would benefit from additional branching to provide fuller pots in shorter production times. Cyclanilide (Tiberon, OHP, Inc., Mainland, PA, USA), a new product recently labeled in the USA for branching of woody ornamentals, was evaluated on several herbaceous perennials over two seasons. Cyclanilide was applied as a foliar spray to established plants grown in 1.1-L pot...