OBJECTIVE Single-case research allows for an examination of behavior and can demonstrate the functional relation between intervention and outcome in pediatric psychology. This review highlights key assumptions, methodological and design considerations, and options for data analysis. METHODS Single-case methodology and guidelines are reviewed with an in-depth focus on visual and statistical an...

Personas are a powerful design and communication tool to help all those involved in the creation of interactive systems to better focus their efforts on their users. A persona is a fictional character made to represent an archetypal user, and is best derived from field research. They help direct design, and communicate both to marketing and engineering teams.

Human female reproductive aging consists of multiple processes and interacts with other physiological systems in unique ways. Here we discuss eight recent longitudinal, epidemiologic studies of female reproductive aging that include endocrine data to highlight their contributions to our understanding of these various aging processes and their interactions. Specifically, we review data on ovaria...

One way that firms have adapted to competitive pressures in today’s global marketplace is to use asynchronous communication technologies to support virtual project teams. To better understand the effectiveness of these dispersed teams, we compare the asynchronous communication transcripts of high and low performing virtual teams working on the early stages of software design. We also compare th...

To better understand the potential for horizontal surfaces in day-to-day work, we conducted a field study. We collected and analyzed over a month of use data from eight participants who used horizontal displays in conjunction with their existing office computer setups. Our analysis of the system logs, observations, and interview data from the study reveals clear differences in preference and us...

Experiments using quantitative real-time PCR to test hypotheses are limited by technical and biological variability; we seek to minimise sources of confounding variability through optimum use of biological and technical replicates. The quality of an experiment design is commonly assessed by calculating its prospective power. Such calculations rely on knowledge of the expected variances of the m...

Sex and gender have been demonstrated to influence all domains of health, from basic mechanisms of disease development to health service utilization. It is therefore no longer acceptable to ignore sex and gender issues in health research reports if these reports are to be deemed accurate. Funding agencies and journals have been identified as primary change agents in health research systems. Can...

—Null hypothesis testing of correlational predictions from weak substantive theories in soft psychology is subject to the influence of ten obfuscating factors whose effects are usually (1) sizeable, (2) opposed, (3) variable, and (4) unknown The net epistemic effect of these ten obfuscating influences is that the usual research literature review is well nigh uninterpretable Major changes in gra...

Observational research is non-experimental research. Other kinds of non-experimental studies are correlational study, survey, interview and the case study which might include data collecting through interviews. In these kinds of studies, it is not possible to determine a cause-effect relationship because the researcher does not control the variables. It might be possible to find correlations be...