The ability of the gut microbiome to influence various aspects of host health beyond more traditionally associated functions such as digestion of food is increasingly being recognized (Flint, 2012; Shreiner et al., 2015; Tuddenham and Sears, 2015). While interest over the past decade has grown dramatically, our understanding of the interface between the microbiome and host is still largely, but...

This review consolidates research employing human correlational and experimental work across brain and body with experimental animal models to provide a more complete representation of how circadian rhythms influence almost all aspects of life. In doing so, we will cover the morphological and biochemical pathways responsible for rhythm generation as well as interactions between these systems an...

When the number of data used for an identification experiment is small, the data contain transient effects and these effects contribute to the accuracy of the identified model. Consequently, when designing the optimal input signal for an identification experiment in the case of small data set, these transient effects have to be taken into account. In this paper, we present a methodology for opt...

concomitant research and education are invaluable for patient care and medical practice in trauma. elucidation of a foundation for the integration of training and service that can be combined with research in trauma is crucial, and every trauma case should be studied for this purpose. in this study, we investigated the unique features of trauma research to formulate a generic comprehensive mode...

Online professional development (OPD) for teachers is an increasingly popular and viable alternative to face-to-face professional development. While OPD can be effective, little is known about OPD’s design and implementation features that maximize its impact. Using data from a large-scale OPD initiative, this correlational study (N = 1231) investigates antecedents of selfreported changes in te...

Although teacher enthusiasm is a relevant variable in the teaching context, a clear definition is still lacking. Research on teacher enthusiasm is characterized by ambiguous conceptualizations of enthu siasm as either an affective characteristic of teachers or behaviors of expressiveness. Integrating these two notions, a new conceptualization of dispositional teacher enthusiasm, defined by teac...

Procrastination is among the most common of motivational failures, putting off despite expecting to be worse off. We examine this dynamic phenomenon in a detailed and realistic longitudinal design (Study 1) as well as in a large correlational data set (N = 7400; Study 2). The results are largely consistent with temporal motivation theory. People’s pacing style reflects a hyperbolic curve, with ...