In this study, the swing-up of a double inverted pendulum is controlled by nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The fast computation algorithm called C/GMRES (continuation/generalized minimal residual) is applied to solve a nonlinear two-point boundary value problem over a receding horizon in real time. The goal is to swing-up and stabilize two pendulums from the downward to upright posit...

Combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emis...

The transmission line project cost index, which reflects price changes of transmission line project components affecting project cost, is an integrated indicator. Based on the constitution of the transmission line project cost index, 324 transmission line project cost index during 2002 and 2010 were selected, in order to describe variation tendency of the transmission line project cost index in...

background : in the hot weather overweight and obesity are considered as significant risk factors for incidence of cardiac strain in workers. this study is aimed to compare cardiac strain among overweight and normal-weighted workers in hot and humid conditions of the south of iran. methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 workers in the south of iran in the summer of 2010. the h...

Ð This paper describes a methodology for building models predicting manufactured integrated circuit performances as a function of inline and wafer electrical test measurements. We show how these predictions can be used to predict the performance of an industrial microprocessor, and reduce the average number of speed bins that must be tested by 45%.

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a costly procedure that can improve quality and quantity of life. Given the prevalence of emphysema, the costs involved with its management, and resource constraints on all health care delivery systems, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of LVRS is important. In this article, we describe the purposes and principles of cost-effectiveness analysis and how th...

Barrier paper, which is made of bleached absorbent kraft pulp, is a significant layer of decorative laminates, since it controls the see-through of brown color of saturating kraft paper and its opacifying effect usually is achieved by a heavy loading of TiO2. The TiO2, due to its very small particle size, passes between the cellulosic fibers and drains into the white water. To overcome this pro...

The relationship between noise reduction and direct operating cost was studied for transport helicopters. A large number of helicopter preliminary designs was generated with the help of a computer program. Vehicles were selected to meet certain noise goals with minimum direct operating cast. this was repeated for several payloads and technology time frames. The effect of changes in the assumed ...

Faced with one of the worst economic downturns in recent times, organizations are focusing on cost reductions as never before.Infosys assessment is that IT and Operations/BPO budgets will be trimmed down significantly in 2009. Further, over time as IT and Operations/BPO costs increase, CIOs will have a clear mandate to do more with less. By examining all IT and Operations/BPO spend and prioriti...

This paper focuses on cost reduction and monitoring in optical networks. Optical mesh networks are cost savings with switching systems that are interconnected by point-topoint networks. Transponders play a major role in it. Alloptical packet switching has been intensively investigated in recent years as an alternative to static, cross connect based networks. Several switch architectures have be...