This paper present a new Air Traffic routes generator based on Genetic Algorithms. Due to the traffic growth, direct (and near direct) routes are more and more congested and there is a real need for spreading the traffic on new alternative routes. Those routes have to be different from several operational criteria and must not generate too much extra-distance compared with the direct route. To ...

Literature review revealed application of various techniques for efficient use of existing resources in road transport sector vehicles, operators and related facilities. This issue assumes bigger dimensions in situations where there are multiple routes and the demand in the routes is highly fluctuating over the day. The application of the existing techniques as reported in literature addresses ...

This paper investigates the Train Network Design Optimization problem arising from railroad industry which involves the integration of three inter-related decision sub-problems: train routing which is to identify origin, destination and itinerary for individual trains; block-to-train assignment detailing the block movements with trains and swaps between trains; and crew-to-train assignment spec...

Schedule disruptions are commonplace in the airline industry with many flight-delaying events occurring each day. Recently there has been a focus on introducing robustness into airline planning stages to reduce the effect of these disruptions. We propose a recoverable robustness technique as an alternative to robust optimisation to reduce the effect of disruptions and the cost of recovery. We f...

Given a ®nite set of alternatives A, the sorting (or assignment) problem consists in the assignment of each alternative to one of the pre-de®ned categories. In this paper, we are interested in multiple criteria sorting problems and, more precisely, in the existing method ELECTRE TRI. This method requires the elicitation of preferential parameters (weights, thresholds, category limits,. . .) in ...

This paper presents a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to design a group layout of a cellular manufacturing system in a dynamic environment, in which the number of cells to be formed is variable. Cell formation (CF) and group layout (GL) are concurrently made in a dynamic environment by the integrated model, which incorporates with an extensive coverage of important ...

In survivable optical WDM networks, finding physical routes and assigning wavelengths to light paths plays a vital role in the information transmission systems. Wavelength assignment (WA) problem is a major concern than assigning routes to the light paths. Earlier wavelength assignment algorithm suffers from unbalanced utilization of wavelength that leads to blocking probability for any connect...

Vitellogenin (1, 2) is a sex-limited phosphoprotein secreted by the liver in Xenopus females (3, 4) and selectively transferred via the circulatory system to growing oocytes, within which it is converted into the yolk proteins lipovitellin and phosvitin (3, 5, 6) . Selective uptake (7) and conversion (8) of vitellogenin can also take place in isolated oocytes . The available evidence indicates ...

BACKGROUND Hypoxemia may compromise cell metabolism and organ function. Supplemental oxygen (O2) at high concentrations may prove ineffective, and issues relating to hyperoxia, barotrauma, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal oxygenation are well documented. Old reports suggest the potential safety and efficacy of alternative routes for O2 administration, such as intravenous or intestinal...