Let X(∆) be the real toric variety associated to a smooth fan ∆. The main purpose of this article is: (i) to determine the fundamental group and the universal cover of X(∆), (ii) to give necessary and sufficient conditions on ∆ under which π1(X(∆)) is abelian, (iii) to give necessary and sufficient conditions on ∆ under which X(∆) is aspherical, and when ∆ is complete, (iv) to give necessary an...

Let Γ be an extended tilde geometry of rank n > 2 such that there exists a 1-covering γ : Γ → Φ where Φ is a c.Cn−1-geometry with orders 1, 2, . . . , 2. Suppose that the normalizer in Aut(Γ ) of the deck group of γ acts flag-transitively on Γ . We prove that, under these hypotheses, only three possibilities exist for the universal cover of Γ . c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Suppose P is a partially ordered set that is locally finite, has a least element, and admits a rank function. We call P a weighted-relation poset if all the covering relations of P are assigned a positive integer weight. We develop a theory of covering maps for weighted-relation posets, and in particular show that any weighted-relation poset P has a universal cover P̃ → P , unique up to isomorph...

We present a simple constructive proof of the Uniformization Theorem which works for plane domains. The proof is a combination of covering space theory and Koebe's constructive proof of the Riemann mapping theorem, and the resulting algorithm can be used to estimate the Poincar6 metric for the domain.

Many mathematicians encounter k-to-1 maps only in the study of covering maps. But, of course, k-to-1 maps do not have to be open. This paper touches on covering maps, and simple maps, but concentrates on ordinary k-to-1 functions (both continuous and finitely discontinuous) from one metric continuum to another. New results, old results, and ideas for further research are given; and a baker’s do...

Two strongly seminormal codes over 2s are constructed to prove a conjecture of Ostergard. It is shown that a result of Honkala on ( I C , t)-subnormal codes holds also under weaker assumptions. A lower bound and an upper bound on Kq(n, R), the minimal cardinality of a q-ary code of length n with covering radius R are obtained. These give improvements in seven upper bounds and twelve lower bound...

This is a survey on known results and open problems about closed aspherical manifolds, i.e., connected closed manifolds whose universal coverings are contractible. Many examples come from certain kinds of non-positive curvature conditions. The property aspherical, which is a purely homotopy theoretical condition, has many striking implications about the geometry and analysis of the manifold or ...

background: protecting islamic values are of great importance for every person as well as every organization. respecting hijab by university students is considered as one of the best examples. this study intends to evaluate the attitude of female students about hijab in health faculty of isfahan university of medical sciences in 2009. methods: 315 female students were selected. data was collect...