Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) are widely used anticancer agents that require metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. While 4-hydroxylation yields DNA-alkylating and cytotoxic metabolites, N-dechloroethylation results in the generation of neuro- and nephrotoxic byproducts. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies (GDEPT) have been suggested to facilitate local CPA and ...

Intratumoral expression of cytochrome P450 2B1 sensitizes tumor cells to the cytotoxic action of the alkylating agent prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA)and providesa novel strategyfor cancergene therapythat may enhance the selectivity and the effectiveness of this class of antitumor drugs [L. Chen and D. J. Waxman, Cancer Res., 55: 581—589, 1995]. P450-catalyzed drug metabolism is obligatorily de...

BACKGROUND The utility of healthcare utilization data from US emergency departments (EDs) for rapid monitoring of changes in influenza-like illness (ILI) activity was highlighted during the recent influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Monitoring has tended to rely on detection algorithms, such as the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS), which are limited in their ability to detect subtle changes an...

The effect of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on changes in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) evoked by bradykinin (BK), histamine (HIST) and thapsigargin (TG) was investigated in human gingival fibroblasts. CPA itself dose-dependently stimulated [Ca2+]i responses in both the absence and presence of extracellular Ca2+. Pretreatment with CPA (< 5 microM) enhanced the [Ca2+]i responses...

Recently, Bellare and Palacio succeeded in defining the plaintext awareness, which is also called PA2, in the standard model. They propose three valiants of the standard model PA2 named perfect, statistical, and computational PA2. In this paper, we study the relationship between the standard model PA2 and the property about message hiding, that is, IND-CPA. Although it seems that these two are ...

Streaming potential is a passive hydrogeophysical method that can be used to monitor water flow in porous media. However, quantitative use of this requires good understanding the streaming generation saturated In work, we Critical Path Analysis (CPA) propose new model estimate coupling coefficient (SPCC) By comparing proposed with 109 experimental data points for both unconsolidated samples suc...

BACKGROUND The exposure of healthcare workers to anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a serious health concern. Anticancer drug pollution may spread outside biological safety cabinets even when a closed system is used. The inhalation of vaporized anticancer drugs is thought to be the primary route of exposure. Therefore, it is important that healthcare workers wear masks to preven...

The gestagenic and antiandrogenic drug cyproterone acetate (CPA) is mitogenic, tumorigenic and induces DNA-adducts and DNA-repair synthesis in rat liver. Thus CPA is expected to be mutagenic. However in vitro mutagenicity test systems were negative. To examine whether CPA induces mutations in rat liver, the in vivo mutation assay based on Big Blue transgenic F344 rats was employed. Single oral ...