PURPOSE To determine the role of vision and visual attention factors in automobile crash involvement. METHODS Drivers aged 65 to 84 years were identified during the baseline interview (1993-1995) of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study. Crash involvement through December 1997 was determined from Maryland State motor vehicle records. Vision tests at baseline included distance acuity at nor...

Graduated driving licensing laws are now in place in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. However, despite stricter supervised driving requirements, restrictions on the number of passengers, and earlier nighttime driving curfews, teen drivers continue to be at a higher crash risk than the adult driving population. The National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS) dataset wa...

There has been considerable research conducted over the last 20 years focused on predicting motor vehicle crashes on transportation facilities. The range of statistical models commonly applied includes binomial, Poisson, Poisson-gamma (or Negative Binomial), Zero-Inflated Poisson and Negative Binomial Models (ZIP and ZINB), and Multinomial probability models. Given the range of possible modelin...

Driving speed is an important factor in road safety. Speed not only affects the severity of a crash, but is also related to the risk of being involved in a crash. This paper discusses the most important empirical studies into speed and crash rate with an emphasis on the more recent studies. The majority of these studies looked at absolute speed, either at individual vehicle level or at road sec...

We present a preliminary exploration of application crash events in Win32 systems by automatic clustering. The crash events, collected from workstations in the UC Berkeley electrical engineering and computer science department, identify the crashed application and DLL, and the time of the crash event. We use these identifying features to augment the crash data with information about usage patte...

Pre-Crash Systems (PCS) integrate the features of active and passive safety systems to reduce both crash and injury severity. Upon detection of an impending collision, PCS can provide an early warning to the driver and activate automatic braking to reduce the crash severity for the subject vehicle. PCS can also activate the seatbelt pretensioners prior to impact. This paper identifies the oppor...

BACKGROUND Many patients with kidney failure "crash" onto dialysis or initiate dialysis in an unplanned fashion. There are varying definitions, but essentially, a patient is labeled as having a crash dialysis start if he or she has little to no care by a nephrologist prior to starting dialysis. A patient is labeled as having an unplanned dialysis start when he or she starts dialysis with a cath...

OBJECTIVE To address the predictability of injury from air bag activation by use of crash simulation software. METHODS Using current, validated crash simulation software, the effect of air bag activation on injury risk was assessed for the 6-year-old child, both restrained and unrestrained. Results were compared with those for adult occupants in similar crash scenarios. RESULTS For the unre...

One of the most important and meaningful tasks in traffic safety is to describe how traffic crash risk changes over time. Over the last 20 years, a lot of work has been done on this topic. However, with the recent introduction of latent class models for analyzing crash data, there is a need to examine how this new type of models could be used for longitudinal data analysis. Latent class models ...

This paper presents the approach and methodology of the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS), undertaken jointly by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The LTCCS is a study of a nationally-representative sample of serious and fatal heavy truck crashes occurring between 2001 and 2003. The data collected provides a detailed ...