The Pretoria Saltpan crater is a well-preserved 220,000 year-old, 1.13 km-diameter, simple impact crater. The crater was formed in Nebo granites of the Bushveld Complex. Some minor intrusions thought to be younger than the Nebo granite are present at the crater and have earlier been believed to support a volcanic origin of the structure, but recent geological studies showed them to be part of t...

Introduction: SALES 2 and Tekton are two numerical tools that have been used to simulate complex crater collapse [1,2]. SALES 2 is a hydrocode capable of modeling the dynamic collapse of large impact craters. It has been successfully applied to the problem of central peak and peak-ring formation [1]. Tekton is a finite-element code designed to be applied to a wide range of tectonic problems, wh...

Numerous martian impact craters have been heavily modified by processes restricted to the crater interior. A common expression of this modification is the presence of extensive fractures arranged in a concentric plan and typically forming moats that engulf the old crater wall. Although similar styles of modification occur on the moon, martian floor-fractured craters display a greater diversity ...

Introduction: Several craters on Mars are partially filled by material emplaced by post-impact processes. Populations of such craters include those in the circum-south polar cap region, in Arabia Terra, associated with the Medusae Fossae Formation, and in the northern lowlands proximal to the north polar cap. In this study, crater fill material refers to an interior mound, generally separated f...

considerations on the explosion resistant design of special infrastructures have increased in the recent years. amongst the various types of infrastructures, road and railway tunnels have a unique importance due to their vital role in connection routes in emergency conditions. in this study, the explosion effects of a projectile impacting on a railway tunnel located in a jointed rock medium has...

Introduction: Much of the southern highlands has been mantled since the Noachian, including a general blanket of possibly airfall-derived sediment that softens the landscape [1,2,3,4], the Electris mantle [5] including knobby 'chaos' in several basins [6], and a variety of deposits that are the subject of this study that share the common characteristics of being generally confined to basins and...

Motivation Recent observations of planetary bodies have revealed surface activities that have intrigued the science community. Image sequences of Saturn’s moon Enceladus have shown what appears to be icy particles ejecting from its south polar regions. High resolutions images from the Mars Global Surveyor and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have captured recent activities on the interior of cra...

Introduction: Impact craters are very helpful for studies of many aspects of surface processes on the Solar system bodies. Here we analyze population of impact craters in the Northern Lowlands of Mars, more specifically, within the typical Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF) [1]. This is the largest geological unit on Mars. It is thought to have rather uniform age approximately at the Hesperian/A...