background: closure of patent ductus arteriosus (pda), ventricular septal defect (vsd) and atrial septal defect (asd) can be done surgically or by device. this study was designed to compare the total cost of surgical or device closures of pda, asd or vsd for iranian patients. methods: this is a cross-sectional study, conducted from january 1, 2005 until january 1, 2006 in two large heart center...

Introduction: In the Noachian, Mars’ crust was deeply affected by impact crater gardening [1], and subsequent hydrothermal alteration. While water was present in the Martian crust [2,3], frequent impacts [4,5] provided prominent heat sources that drove hydrothermal systems. Those systems were scattered randomly over the planet’s surface and variable in size, but generally spanned the diameter o...

available online at http://meteoritics.org 1675 © The Meteoritical Society, 2006. Printed in USA. Breccia dikes and crater-related faults in impact craters on Mars: Erosion and exposure on the floor of a crater 75 km in diameter at the dichotomy boundary James W. HEAD* and John F. MUSTARD Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA *Corresponding aut...

this is a case presentation of a 26-year-old woman with a moderate-sized atrial septal secundum defect (17mm) who underwent catheterism, during which an amplatzer septal occluder number 26 was inserted successfully. on the second postoperative day, she deteriorated and a clinical examination showed a typical tamponade. after a percutaneous aspiration of the pericardial cavity and transient impr...

Introduction. Crater densities have been instrumental in determining relative ages of surfaces on Mars and other cratered planetary bodies. Fundamental to this technique has been the cumulative bombardment of the surface over time of projectiles supplied from the population of Mars-crossing asteroids and comets. Diameters of craters are a function of impact energy determined by the velocity and...