We study the effect of different feature space normalization techniques in adverse acoustic conditions. Recognition tests are reported for cepstral mean and variance normalization, histogram normalization, feature space rotation, and vocal tract length normalization on a German isolated word recognition task with large acoustic mismatch. The training data was recorded in clean office environmen...

Based on formant measurements of more than 10000 vowels from 16 German speakers, vowel quality di erences between the speakers have been analyzed. The main result of this investigation is that di erent speakers show not only di erent formant values (as one would expect due to individual di erences), but exhibit di erent arrangements in their vowel systems. These di erences are demonstrated by e...

We develop a dimension theory for D-semianalytic sets over an arbitrary non-Archimedean complete field. Our main results are the equivalence of several notions of dimension and a theorem on additivity of dimensions of projections and fibers in characteristic 0. We also prove a parameterized version of normalization for D-semianalytic

Normalisation of environmental data aims at clarifying the human impact on the environment by suppressing meteorologically driven fluctuations and other natural variation in the collected data. This paper shows that the procedures presently used to adjust air and water quality data have a common probabilistic framework. Furthermore, this framework can support a number of new techniques for the ...

The present study introduces a recording technique to maintain all dynamic information of even full-blown emotional speech, and investigates the effect of emotion class, speaker, and sentence type on the amplitude of speech. The results show that the factors emotion class and speaker are highly significant and that the former explains half of the variance while the latter explains only one nint...

the “human mud” is one of the motifs of the poetry attributed to khayyam. the imagery, concepts and philosophical thoughts about the human being's origin (creation, death, life after death) form the essence of this poetry. are the khayyam's quatrains about creation original and new? or do they have a precedent in the ancient world poetry? why does the iranian literary criticism claim that this ...

We de ne a perpetual one-step reduction strategy which enables one to construct minimal (w.r.t. L evy's ordering on reductions) in nite reductions in Conditional Orthogonal Expression Reduction Systems. We use this strategy to derive two characterizations of perpetual redexes, i.e., redexes whose contractions retain the existence of in nite reductions. These characterizations generalize existin...

We develop some Higher-Order Abstract Syntax (HOAS) concepts and proof principles as a collection of definitions and propositions on top of the original syntax with bindings. Our approach brings together hassle-free (i.e., bindingand substitution-free) manipulation of the objects on the one hand, and inductive reasoning about the same objects on the other. We present our approach by providing a...