Bank crises, by interrupting liquidity provision, have been viewed as resulting in welfare losses. In a model of banking with moral hazard, we show that second best bank contracts that improve on autarky ex ante require costly crises to occur with positive probability at the interim stage. When bank payoffs are partially appropriable, either directly via imposition of fines or indirectly by the...

Double crises of chaotic oscillators in the presence of fuzzy uncertainty are studied by means of the fuzzy generalized cellmappingmethod.A fuzzy chaotic attractor is characterized by its global topology and membership distribution. A fuzzy crisis implies a simultaneous sudden change both in the topology of the chaotic attractor and in its membership distribution. It happenswhen a fuzzy chaotic...

AIMS To identify suitable acute phase proteins as objective markers of tissue ischaemia during painful vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease. METHODS The prodromal and established phases of 14 vaso-occlusive crises were studied longitudinally in 10 patients with sickle cell anaemia. Automated solid phase enzyme immunoassays were used to measure the fast responding acute phase proteins ...

In this paper I use historical data to analyze the relationship between crises and growth in Latin America. I calculate by how much the region's GDP per capita has been reduced as a consequence of the recurrence of external crises. I also analyze the determinants of major balance of payments crises. The main conclusion is that it is unlikely that Latin America will, on average, experience a maj...

tion, and disinvestments in health systems have contributed to increasing national crises and made countries more vulnerable to systemic shocks. Over this period the world has experienced an alarming increase in costly humanitarian disasters that have tragically affected millions of people each year. Shocks have included violent internal conflicts; natural traumas such as droughts and hurricane...

The paper by Barry Eichengreen and Ricardo Haussman is correct to focus on the policies that the emerging market countries (EMC) themselves can pursue to reduce the risk of future economic crises, instead of discussing new policies for the IMF or for the industrial countries that some analysts hope might achieve that goal. I agree with their emphasis on EMC self-help and on the multiple causes ...

Malignant hypertension still constitutes a medical emergency, particularly when complicated by renal failure, encephalopathy, or left ventricular failure. A shift to the right of the autoregulatory curve of cerebral blood flow (and probably of renal blood flow) is known to occur in patients with hypertension. Local cerebral edema, complicating the malignant phase, is likely to aggravate this tr...

BACKGROUND The up-regulation of P-selectin in endothelial cells and platelets contributes to the cell-cell interactions that are involved in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion and sickle cell-related pain crises. The safety and efficacy of crizanlizumab, an antibody against the adhesion molecule P-selectin, were evaluated in patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS In this double-blind, ran...

The Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author argues that in the post-Sovi...

This article will review the case of a young patient with mental retardation, autistic disorder, and Tourette Syndrome who exhibited a favourable treatment response preferentially to risperidone. His presentation, however, was complicated by an exquisite sensitivity to risperidone displayed in the form of recurrent oculogyric crises. In this article, we will outline a review of the case, a surv...