in this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to simulate the laser-tig hybrid welding (hlaw) of stainless steel 1.4418 with thickness of 4 mm. transient temperature profile and dimensions of the fusion zone and heat affected zone (haz) during welding process are calculatedusing finite element method (fem) and were solved in the abaqus/standard software.the heat sou...

The retardancy effect of char formation upon the flammability of thermally thin products is investigated. The char is formed in a single-step non-competitive scheme and is assumed to be thermally stable. The criterion for ignition is that of a critical mass flux of volatiles from the solid into the gas phase. Both steady-state and transient formulations of the model are considered. In the high ...

The critical heat flux (CHF) in forced convective upflow has been investigated in a uniformly heated vertical tube of 12.7 mm internal diameter and 3 m length for different reduced pressures ranging from 0.32 to 0.98, with non-azeotropic ternary refrigerant mixture R407C as the working fluid. The onset of CHF was determined by the sudden rise in the wall temperature of the electrically heated t...