Relative equilibria of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems with symmetry are critical points of appropriate scalar functions parametrized by the Lie algebra (or its dual) of the symmetry group. Setting aside the structures – symplectic, Poisson, or variational – generating dynamical systems from such functions highlights the common features of their construction and analysis, and supports the co...

In order to present a quantitative indicator for the onset of instability, in this paper, the critical points of a stratified gravitational flow on a slope are found and analyzed. These points are obtained by means of the solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations via the standard Arakawa-C finite-difference method. Results show that in the marginal Richardson numbers, the critical...

Critical end points and tricritical are multicritical that separate lines of continuous transitions from first order in the phase diagram many systems. In models like spin-1 disordered Blume–Capel model repulsive Blume–Emery–Griffiths model, point splits into a critical bicritical with an increase disorder coupling strength respectively. to make distinction between these two points, we investig...

Uncovering DNA sequence variations that correlate with phenotypic changes, e.g., diseases, is the aim of sequence variation studies. Common types sequence variations are Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced snip).SNPs are the third-generation molecular marker. SNP represents a DNA sequence variant of a single base pair with the minor allele occurring in more than 1% of a given popula...