Multi-scale models can facilitate whole plant simulations by linking gene networks, protein synthesis, metabolic pathways, physiology, and growth. Whole plant models can be further integrated with ecosystem, weather, and climate models to predict how various interactions respond to environmental perturbations. These models have the potential to fill in missing mechanistic details and generate n...

Solar radiation ( S RAD ) plays a pivotal role for crop growth and development, is, therefore, an indispensable input simulation models. Lack of weather data, particularly , is problematic issue in many agricultural zones. To handle this dearth, there have been recent advances the improvement application gridded which provide realistic alternatives to observed data. The main objective present r...

Crop pests are among the greatest threats to food security, generating broad economic, social, and environmental impacts. These interact with their hosts environment through complex pathways, it is increasingly common find professionals from different areas gathering into projects that attempt deal this complexity. We propose a framework called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/Mat...