Fair trade is a means of governing South-North supply chains to increase the benefits of international trade integration for poor southern producers of agricultural and handicraft goods. Although the approach itself is arguably innovative in comparison with commercially orientated supply chains, many consider that its formalisation within third-party, Fairtrade International certification, has ...

As genetic testing (GT) is now available for many rare disorders, no GT laboratory can be expert enough to provide every test. Samples are therefore sent between laboratories for testing, often across borders. Such cross-border testing raises some questions: The 2003 OECD survey of 827 molecular GT laboratories in 18 countries found that 64% of laboratories had received samples from abroad. Thi...

The growing interaction between local cultures and international organisations suggests the need for peacebuilders to act strategically when trying overcome cultural differences build trust in societies long divided by bloody conflicts. This task is more difficult because mental barriers that divide people are exacerbated borders walls. Through an analysis of evolving role European Union (EU) p...

The paper analyses cross-border co-operation with regard to its degree of formalization. Herewith, the focus is not on single cross-border organizations, but on the encompassing governance systems in the respective regions. That means that the specific combination of differently organized cross-border arrangements is analyzed. Cross-border governance systems are facing multiple governance chall...