Guinea pigs were immunized with either alpha or beta pili from Neisseria gonorrhoeae P9 before the inoculation of subcutaneous chambers with a mixture of variants having alpha, beta, gamma, or delta pili. Animals immunized with alpha pili showed significant protection, but those immunized with beta pili did not. The degree of protection could be correlated with the cross-reactivity of the antib...

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi Cavara, is a major disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), potentially causing yield losses of up to 100%. Utilizing resistant cultivars most effective approach for control. This study aimed characterize genetic resistance two cultivars, TU Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK), anthracnose. Inher...

 Effects of inoculation level (4 or 8-fold compared to standard inoculation) and order (standard inoculation before fermentation and 3-fold inoculation at the end of fermentation = 1+3, Two-fold inoculation before fermentation and the same at the end of fermentation = 2+2, 2+6, 4-fold before fermentation = 4, 4+4, and 8) of culture inoculums containing probiotics on viscosity, phase separation,...

.in order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological traits of german chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of the faculty of agriculture, university of tabriz, iran, during 2007-2008. factors were ino...

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to optimize the rhizospheric soil characteristics considerably thereby affecting plant growth. Objectives: The aim is to investigate the effects of fungi inoculation (Glomus intraradices) on morphological, physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) under salt stress. Methods: A factorial...

Intracerebral inoculation of JHM virus (JHMV), the neuropathic strain of mouse hepatitis virus, into Wistar Furth, Wistar Lewis, and Fischer 344 rats at various ages indicated that Wistar Furth rats are more susceptible to the virus than are the other strains. Fischer 344 and Wistar Lewis rats were more resistant to inoculation at 2 and 5 days of age and completely resistant by 10 days of age. ...

objective: the use of bacterial plasmids carrying specific genes of pathogens as genetic vaccines is a relatively new technique for induction of cellular immune responses against microbial pathogens. mechanisms of production of specific immune responses against these vaccines are not still completely understood. therefore, it is necessary to examine various routes of inoculation to find the bes...