Inverted repeat (IR) sequences in DNA can form noncanonical cruciform structures to relieve torsional stress. We use Monte Carlo simulations of a recently developed coarse-grained model of DNA to demonstrate that the nucleation of a cruciform can proceed through a cooperative mechanism. First, a twist-induced denaturation bubble must diffuse so that its midpoint is near the center of symmetry o...

We studied the formation of d(A-T)n cruciforms in E.coli cells by probing intracellular plasmid DNA with chloroacetaldehyde followed by fine analysis of modified DNA bases. d(A-T)16 sequences were inserted into specifically designed plasmids either upstream of a single trc promoter, or between two divergent trc promoters. We found that in both cases, induction of transcription by IPTG leads to ...

• An automatic fatigue crack growth algorithm was used to evaluate the influence of in-phase and out-of-phase loadings in FCG. In-phase lead deflection under a 0.5 biaxial load ratio due mixed mode loading conditions. Fatigue life is proportional initial notch angle but inversely phase shift. Crack propagation direction influenced by combination static cyclic on different axes. Different freque...

This paper presents an experimental, numerical, and analytical study of a novel specimen subjected to local in-plane load, investigate its crushing deformation resistance. The was designed fabricated simplify the cruciform structure in double-hulled vessels external loads during collision grounding incidents. results will provide reliable insights into scenarios as well side vessels. A quasi-st...