Culling badgers to control the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (TB) between this wildlife reservoir and cattle has been widely debated. Industry-led culling began in Somerset and Gloucestershire between August and November 2013 to reduce local badger populations. Industry-led culling is not designed to be a randomized and controlled trial of the impact of culling on cattle incidence. Nevert...

Effective management of widespread invasive species such as wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is limited by resources available to devote to the effort. Better insight of the effectiveness of different management strategies on population dynamics is important for guiding decisions of resource allocation over space and time. Using a dynamic population model, we quantified effects of culling intensities and...

Bovine tuberculosis is endemic in cattle herds in Great Britain, with a substantial economic impact. A reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis within the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) population is thought to have hindered disease control. Cattle herd incidents, termed breakdowns, that are either 'prolonged' (lasting ≥ 240 days) or 'recurrent' (with another breakdown within a specified time period) ma...

In recent, Korea hog farm industry is facing FTA and stock farms are experiencing difficulties through increase in production cost such as raw & subsidiary material cost and energy cost. Although there are many elements that influence the productivity of hog farm, plan and execution of sow culling is very important. In majority of farms, there are many cases of not considering importantly of th...

This study was carried out in a commercial herd from 2008 to 2012 in order to determine the most prevalent reasons for culling Holstein cows and to assess the effects of risk factors. Overall, 519 (28.2%) cows were culled for involuntary (98.8%) and voluntary (1.2%) reasons. The involuntary causes of culling were diseases (38.7%), reproduction problems (36.0%), udder disorders (7.7%), lameness ...

We present hierarchical algorithms for visibility culling of spline models This includes back patch culling a generalization of back face culling for poly gons to splines These algorithms are extended to trimmed surfaces as well We propose di erent spa tial approximations for enclosing the normals of a spline surface and compare them for e ciency and e ectiveness on di erent graphics systems We...

Recently real-time overhead processing technology has received great attention from many researchers since it is expected to play a great role in improving frame per second. Also, this technology is suitable for flight simulator where large number of vertices as well as high resolution image is demanded. Even though typical culling or level of detail can be applied to flight simulator, more dee...

introduction the longevity is normally defined as the length of its productive life in the flock, which is the amount of time an animal spends producing (1). longevity reflects the ability of ewe to avoid being culled for low production, low fertility, illness and influences the number and cost of replacements required to maintain the flock size. the benefit of increasing longevity are increase...

In the UK, attempts since the 1970s to control the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle by culling a wildlife host, the European badger (Meles meles), have produced equivocal results. Culling-induced social perturbation of badger populations may lead to unexpected outcomes. We test predictions from the 'perturbation hypothesis', determining the impact of culling operations on badger...