BACKGROUND Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is characterized by myxomatous leaflets and left ventricular (LV) fibrosis of papillary muscles and inferobasal wall. We searched for morphofunctional abnormalities of the mitral valve that could explain a regional mechanical myocardial stretch. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six (27 female patients; median age: 44 years) arrhythmic MVP patients w...

We consider the curling of an initially flat but naturally curved elastica on a hard, nonadhesive surface. Combining theory, simulations, and experiments, we find novel behavior, including a constant front velocity and a self-similar shape of the curl that scales in size as t(1/3) at long times after the release of one end of the elastica. The front velocity is selected by matching the self-sim...

Papaya leaves exhibiting severe leaf curling and stunting symptoms were tested for the presence of begomovirus infection. The putative full-length cotton curl Gezira virus (CLCuGV) tomato betasatellite (ToLCB) molecules amplified, sequenced analyzed. This is first study providing identification CLCuGeV ToLCB infecting papaya in Iran.