Network-wide traffic measurement is important for various network management tasks, ranging from traffic accounting, traffic engineering, and network troubleshooting to security. The network operators are interested in monitoring passing traffic in a network for reasons of traffic accounting, debugging or troubleshooting, forensics, and traffic engineering. Previous research has focused on moni...

The total current Itotal waveform in a plasma focus discharge is the most commonly measured quantity, contrasting with the difficult measurement of Ipinch. However, yield laws should be scaled to focus pinch current Ipinch rather than the peak Itotal. This paper describes how Ipinch may be computed from the Itotal trace by fitting a computed current trace to the measured current trace using the...

This paper presents an efficient observation concerning the enhancement of smart grid (SG) based on optimal placement phasor measurement units (OPP) using nonlinear programming (NLP). The proposed algorithm tries to achieve two objectives: (i) ascertain minimum number (PMUs) and (ii) increase redundancy SG at all buses. Synchronized current voltage phasors are obtained enhance accuracy state es...

BACKGROUND Based on the necessity to confirm the epiradicular catheter misplacement, epiradicular threshold current for the confirmation of catheter tip localization is required. METHODS Thirty-four adult patients with low extremity radiating pain were to receive epiradicular catheterization at the lumbosacral level. The epidural space was accessed percutaneously in cranial to caudal directio...

BACKGROUND During a continuous femoral nerve block, the influence of catheter tip position relative to the femoral nerve on infusion characteristics remains unknown. METHODS We inserted bilateral femoral perineural catheters in volunteers (ultrasound-guided, needle in-plane). Subjects' dominant side was randomized to have the catheter tip placed either anterior or posterior to the femoral ner...

This paper presents optimal phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement algorithms for power system observability. The optimal placement problem (OPP) is formulated such that minimizing the number of PMU installations for full network observability. Three approaches, in this paper, are introduced aiming at reducing the computational burden in Optimal Placement problems. Depth First Search, Simula...