OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of, clinical manifestations of, and risk factors for cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity in patients treated for nonmalignant disease. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of patients followed at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases from 1967 to 1993. SETTING The Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of...

BACKGROUND Previous studies of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia reported high response rates to fludarabine combined with cyclophosphamide. We aimed to establish whether this treatment combination provided greater survival benefit than did chlorambucil or fludarabine. METHODS 777 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia requiring treatment were randomly assigned to fludarabine (...

cellular enzymes, presumably phosphatases and phosphoramidases. Selective toxicity was to be achieved because the concentrations of these enzymes was believed to be much higher in tumor cells as compared to normal cells (24). Cyclophosphamide itself exerts minimal alkylating activity and does not exert a cytostatic effect in vitro, but it does exert its biological effect following in vivo activ...

To investigate the early ovarian changes after cyclophosphamide treatment, immature rats primed for 48 h with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin were given injections i.p. of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) at 1, 2, 4, 16, and 24 h before decapitation. Serum estradiol dropped significantly after 24 h of exposure to cyclophosphamide (P less than 0.001). Following 16 and 24 h of cyclophosphamide expos...

Severe lupus nephritis is an aggressive disease that requires an aggressive approach to treatment. Recent randomized clinical trials showed that mycophenolate mofetil compared favorably with cyclophosphamide (traditional approach) for remission induction. Consequently, mycophenolate mofetil is now commonly recommended as first-line therapy. Nevertheless, the role of mycophenolate mofetil in tre...

On the basis of preceding studies showing that tumor-induced, T cell-mediated immunosuppression serves as an obstacle to adoptive immunotherapy of the Meth A fibrosarcoma, it was predicted that cyclophosphamide treatment of tumor bearers would remove this obstacle and allow passively transferred immune T cells to cause tumor regression. It was found that infusion of immune spleen cells alone ha...

The 0-24-h urinary metabolic profile of cyclophosphamide was investigated in a series of 14 patients with various malignancies receiving combination chemotherapy including i.v. cyclophosphamide. This was accomplished using combined thin-layer chromatography-photography-densitometry, which can quantitate cyclophosphamide and its four principal urinary metabolites (4-ketocyclophosphamide, nor-nit...

Chemoimmunotherapy in two animal models for urological cancers was studied. The models were Dunning R3327A prostatic carcinoma transplanted s.c. in Fischer x Copenhagen F, hybrids and a well-differentiated bladder carcinoma transplanted orthotopically in the bladder submucosa of female Fischer rats. Cyclophosphamide, c/s-platinum, and Adriamycin were initially used as anticancer chemotherapeuti...

The low-molecular weight dipeptide bestatin is a potent inhibitor of aminopeptidase N and has been demonstrated to have antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. The effects of bestatin on interleukin (IL)-1β synthesis and release by peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli, the phagocytic and oxidative burst activity from peripheral blood monocytes an...

Tsao, Y. C., and Yeung, C. H. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 327. Paired trial of cyclophosphamide and prednisone in children with nephrosis. Cyclophosphamide and prednisone were compared as the primary treatment for the nephrotic syndrome in 27 boys and 4 girls. The patients, aged between 2j and 11, were paired according to their renal histology; 19 belonged to the minimal chang...