Based on the well-known toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CYP) on the immune system, this research investigated the modulating effects of the long-term dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) supplementation on the immunosuppression induced by CYP in mice, in order to provide a novel dietary design to mitigate the side effects of CYP therapy. Control, CYP-treated, CYP + CV (6%), CYP + CV (12%) and CYP + CV...

Since the initial reports that renal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can metabolize arachidonic acid to substances which affect arterial tone, it has become increasingly clear that CYP enzymes expressed within the cardiovascular system play a crucial role in the modulation of vascular homeostasis. There is strong evidence suggesting that the activation of a CYP epoxygenase in endothelial cells is...

Phosphorylated ERK expression has been demonstrated in the central and peripheral nervous system after various stimuli, including visceral stimulation. Changes in the activation (i.e., phosphorylation) of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) were examined in the urinary bladder after 4 h (acute), 48 h (intermediate), or chronic (10 day) cyclophosphamide (CYP) treatment. CYP-induced cys...

OBJECTIVE To provide a cost analysis of an injectable contraceptive program combining community-based distribution and social marketing in Tigray, Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a cost analysis, modeling the costs and programmatic outcomes of the program's initial implementation in 3 districts of Tigray, Ethiopia. Costs were estimated from a review of program expense records, invoices, and in...

Induction of cytochromes P450 (P450s) by drugs can lead to drug-drug interactions. Primary hepatocytes have been reported to retain inducible P450s. To optimize the use of primary hepatocytes for predicting induction of P450 (CYP 3A and 2B) expression in vivo, both culture conditions and expression of induction potentials were investigated. In rat hepatocytes, basal CYP 3A1/2 expression was bet...

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy can be used to increase the therapeutic activity of anti-cancer prodrugs that undergo liver cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed prodrug to active drug conversion. The present report describes a cell-culture-based assay to identify CYP gene-CYP prodrug combinations that generate bystander cytotoxic metabolites and that may potentially be useful for CYP-based gene...

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes worldwide. Pets directly exposed to neonicotinoids in veterinary products through environmental contamination. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is among the most significant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that oxidizes several chemicals, including neonicotinoids. However, CYP activities metabolite compositions of neonicoti...

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer agent widely used in chemotherapy. It has been suggested that CYP causes toxicity many organs, including the lungs and testes. Many studies have indicated some antioxidants possible protective effects against CYP’s side effects. β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, known its antioxidant activities...

The importance of engaging and involving children young people (CYP) in research is widely recognised, especially for educational exploring CYP’s perceptions experiences school processes. Historically, working with CYP to collect qualitative data has involved face-to-face interactions, however the social distancing requirement during COVID-19 pandemic meant there was a need move ‘online’ work ‘...