AIMS The molecular events leading from cardiomyocyte ischaemia to inflammatory cytokine production are not well understood. We previously found that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) appeared in extracellular space after cardiomyocyte ischaemia. This study examined the activation and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by HSP60 in cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytokine production and T...

The activation of mast cells by extra domain A of fibronectin (FN-EDA), an endogenous ligand of TLR4, and its contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vivo were examined. FN-EDA, but no other domain of the fibronectin fragment, III(11) (FN-III(11)) and III(12) (FN-III(12)), stimulated bone marrow-derived murine mast cells (BMMCs) dose-dependently to secret cytokines (TNF...

WSX-1 is a component of the IL-27R. Analyses of WSX-1 knockout (WSX-1(-/-)) mice have shown that IL-27/WSX-1 signaling is essential for the proper development of T(h)1 responses and that WSX-1 can suppress cellular activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We have generated transgenic mouse lines over-expressing the WSX-1 gene under the control of the T cell-specific CD2 promoter (WS...

Materials and methods To investigate the functionality of the CD38-HLA-DR+ profile, we compared it with the classically activated phenotype CD38+HLA-DR+ by evaluating several qualitative parameters: (1) activation measured by CD69, CD25, CD71, CD40 and Ki67 expression, (2) memory parameters measured by proliferation capacity, CD127 and Bcl-2 expression, cytokine production measured by IL-2 prod...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is a nosocomial pathogen that causes catheter-associated bacteremia in the immunocompromised, including those at the extremes of age, motivating study of host clearance mechanisms. SE-derived soluble components engage TLR2; but additional signaling pathways have also been implicated, and TLR2 can play complex, at times detrimental, roles in host defens...

results mean urinary il-1α, il-4, il-6, and il-8 concentrations significantly increased in the acute phase of apn compared to the control group, and decreased following antibiotic treatment. conclusions we recommend routine urinalysis and urine culture for the diagnosis of children with apn. urinary il-4 was a relatively good cytokine for the prediction and treatment-monitoring of children with...

We investigated the effects of corticosteroids on IL-12 production by mouse splenic adherent cells and the subsequent capacity of these cells to induce cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. To distinguish the effects of corticosteroids on APCs from those on T cells, only the APCs and not the T cells were exposed to corticosteroids. Treatment of splenic adherent cells with dexamethasone greatly i...

Objective(s):Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in vascular disorders. It has been shown that pentoxifylline inhibits proinflammatory [d1] cytokines production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by multiple l...

Mitogenic stimulation in vitro of mouse T lymphocytes induces the production of the hematopoietic cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-3. The present experiments showed that simple crowding of murine spleen or lymph node cells was a sufficient inducing stimulus. Crowding did not have this consequence for thymus or marrow cells or spleen cells from nu/nu or Rag-1-/- ...