BACKGROUND Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the painful complication of a varicella zoster virus reactivation. We investigated the systemic and local gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with PHN. METHODS Thirteen patients with PHN at the torso (Th4-S1) were recruited. Skin punch biopsies were obtained from the painful and the contralateral painless bod...

Cytokines that bind to and signal through the gp130 co-receptor subunit include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF). Apart from contributing to inflammation, gp130 signalling cytokines also function in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Expression of each of these cytokines and their liga...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as a vibriosis, causes huge losses to the aquaculture industry, food poisoning in humans and activates macrophages induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chloroquine (CQ), an anti-inflammatory property, this study aimed investigate effect of CQ on inflammatory response V. parahaemolyticus RAW 264.7 macrophages. The result showed that induced production T-cell co-stimulatory...

Background The enhanced expression of cytokines in the pathological states suggests that they have important roles in the initiation or maintenance of disease states. FINDINGS To determine the involvement of cytokines in chronic neuropathic pain, the expression of cytokines in the anterior cingulate cortex neurons in the ligation of the common peroneal nerve mice was investigated. We utilized...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. imbalances of cd4+ t cells including thelper1 (th1)/thelper2 (th2) and thelper17 (th17)/tregulatory (treg), their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of ms. vitamin a and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appear...

Signaling mediated by cytokines and chemokines is involved in glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation the damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using multiplexed immunoassay immunohistochemical techniques a glaucoma mouse model at different time points after ocular hypertension (OHT), we analyzed (i) expression pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory BDNF, VEGF, fractalkine; (ii) number ...

Tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is specifically induced upon tissue injury and infection and during septic conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is known to exert various anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of CO on TN-C-mediated inflammation are unknown. In the present study, we found that treat...

Entamoeba histolytica produces Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF), which may contribute to the delayed inflammation observed in amoebic hepatic abscesses. Leukocytes are affected through the modulation of cytokine expression and/or production. We evaluated the effects of MLIF on the activation and production of intracellular cytokines in human CD4+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Cel...

ischemia-reperfusion injury is the tissue damage happened when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or shortage of oxygen. this brain injury initiates an inflammatory response involving the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines. the aim of this study is investigating the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of  cyperus rotundus l. on the expression of the bcl-x1 an...

Background: Type II Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of premature deaths. Inflammatory cytokines are reported that they have potential to enhance insulin resistance and hence T2DM. Assessment of immunological profile in T2DM patients of Kashmir valley is unclear. So, detection of cytokines is relevant to determine the extent and direction of immune respon...