We develop a simple theoretical model of a long term buyer-supplier relationship with non-contractible buyer specific R&D investment, and derive predictions on the effects of trust and competition on suppliers’ investment and buyers’ procurement strategies. We address these issues empirically using unique survey data on individual buyer-supplier relationships in the German automotive industry. ...

In a large sample of entrepreneurs, 2D:4D (second-to-fourth digit) ratio and managerial performance are studied. Entrepreneurs with lower ratio manage larger firms, manage larger firms when acquire control and experience faster average growth. Firms run by high prenatal testosterone entrepreneurs have lower profitability as measured by return on assets and return on sales. Prenatal testosterone...

This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of enterprises from manufacturing industries in Germany using unique newly available data. We find that fir...

Abstract We analyze the supply-side disruptions associated with COVID-19. find that sectors in which a higher fraction of workforce is not able to work remotely experienced greater declines employment and expected revenue growth, worse stock market performance, likelihood default. The overweights low-exposure industries. Thus, our findings cast light on disconnect between indices aggregate outc...

PURPOSE Human adenovirus species D type 19 (HAdV-D19) has been associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a highly inflammatory infection of the ocular surface. Confusion exists regarding the origins of HAdV-D19. The prototype virus (HAdV-D19p) does not cause EKC, while a virus identified later with the identical serologic determinant is a significant ocular pathogen. METHODS High t...

Industrial agglomeration policies may limit competition. We develop, validate, and apply a novel approach for measuring competition based on the comovement of markups market shares among firms in same location industry. Then we develop model how this reduction affects aggregate income. our to well-known special economic zones (SEZs) China. estimate that SEZs exhibit cooperative pricing almost t...

SYNOPSIS Extant literature demonstrates that whistleblowing is associated with changes in the target’s financial reporting. This paper provides compelling evidence also affects peer firms’ Specifically, we find industry peers reduce their reporting aggressiveness following a allegation. deterrent effect stronger when firm geographically closer to target, and target share board member, predicted...

Agricultural marketing cooperatives are of panoramic socioeconomic importance. As owners, decision-makers, and suppliers, their members' opportunism is great concern to competitiveness. In this study, we analyze sthe impact governance mechanisms on opportunism. We explore the nonlinear effects differences between memberships first-tier federated cooperatives. Empirical results show that not all...

The deficiency of secure and reliable electrical power is a constraint to firm performance its competitiveness in developing countries. Several countries the south Asian region face electricity shortages leading frequent outages. This study investigate effect outages on technical efficiency firms selected South employed stochastic frontier approach estimate firms. We use OLS Beta regression man...

The canonical model of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) predicts that firms evade taxes by optimally trading off between the costs benefits evasion. However, there is no direct evidence react to audits in this way. We conducted a large-scale field experiment collaboration with tax authority address question. sent letters 20,440 small- medium-sized collectively paid more than US$200 million per year....