In an environment with a myriad of different stimuli, the fast detection of novel and behaviorally relevant signals becomes crucial for an adaptive behavior. The detection of task-novelty has been related to striatum-prefrontal cortex (PFC) pathways involving dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission. Here we thus tested the hypothesis that DA regulates the detection of task novelty through the modul...

(amphetamine) induces a calming effect when used in hyperactive children. It is still not known how these drugs work to increase alertness in normal individuals as well as distractible and overactive children. Numerous studies have shown that psychostimulants exert their pharmacological actions through interaction with plasma membrane monoamine transporters, namely, the dopamine, serotonin, and...