The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Al...

Influence Diagrams ( I D S ) are a graphic formal ism able to provide a compact representation of decision problems. IDs are based on the axioms of probabi l i ty and decision theory, and they define a normat ive framework to model decision mak ing . Unfor tunate ly , IDs require a large amount of in fo rmat ion that is not always available to the decision maker. Th is paper in troduces a new c...

Assume that at the beginning of game t, the system's belief in the user's preference is P t. Then, the certainty-equivalet user preference during game t is π * t (i) = E π∼Pt [π(i)] ∀i ∈ I. Recall we define π * min = min i∈I π * (i), Lemma A-1 formalizes the result that if π * t is " close " to π * , then for any decision tree T , E i∼π * t [N (T, i)] is " close " to E i∼π * [N (T, i)]: Lemma A...

Anthropologists have long discussed the value and limitations of various methods of describing and understanding behavior. This article demonstrates that utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods can improve our understanding of complex behaviors. Ethnographic interviews were used to create a decision tree model of the choice of breastfeeding or formula feeding for Navajo women. This ...