Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely adopted in many decision-making industrial applications. Their fairness issues, i.e., whether there exist unintended biases the DNN, receive much attention and become critical concerns, which can directly cause negative impacts our daily life potentially undermine of society, especially with their increasing deployment at an unprecedented speed. Rece...

<span>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic impairment that affects the eyes and if not treated could lead to permanent vision impairment. Traditionally, Ophthalmologists perform diagnosis of DR by checking for existence any seriousness some subtle features in fundus images. This process very efficient as it takes lot time resources. testing all patients, which are undiagnosed or untrea...