Agnosticism has always had its fair amount of criticism. Religious believers often described the first agnostics as infidels and it is not uncommon to see them somewhat dull fence-sitters. Moreover, undecided agnostic stance on belief in gods compared with being unsure about such obviously false statements existence orbiting teapots, invisible dragons or even Santa Claus. In this paper, I maint...

‎The aim of this paper is to generalize the comprehensive structural model for defaultable fixed income bonds (considered in R‎. ‎Agliardi‎, ‎A comprehensive structural model for defaultable fixed-income bondsو Quant‎. ‎Finance 11 (2011)‎, ‎no‎. ‎5‎, ‎749--762.) into a comprehensive unified model of structural and reduced form models‎. ‎In our model the bond holders receive the deterministic co...

According to the adverse consequences that are brought by financial distress for companies, economy and financial –monetary institutions, the use of methods that can predict the occurrence of financial failure and prevent the loss of wealth is of great importance. The major models of credit risk assessment are based on retrospective information and using the methods which use the updated market...

Default risk is one of the most important types of risks, and credit default swap (CDS) is one of the most effective financial instruments to cover such risks. The lack of these instruments may reduce investment attraction, particularly for international investors, and impose potential losses on the economy of the countries lacking such financial instruments, among them, Iran. After the 2007 fi...

considering significant influence of financial crisis on the economy as a whole, policymakers spend remarkable resources on supervision and methods to ensure about sustainable financial system . a non-performing loan, or npl, is a loan that is in default or close to being in default. many loans become non-performing after being in default for 90 days, but this can depend on the contract termsan...

background: tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health problem and india accounts for highest tb burden in the world. the aim of the study was to evaluate the trend and treatment outcome of tuberculosis (tb) cases treated under dots strat­egy at a district level in karnataka, india. methods : this was a retrospective record based study conducted in dakshina kannada district of karnataka, du...