In this paper we elaborate on the interplay between energy optimization, positive definiteness, and discrepancy. particular, assuming existence of a K-invariant measure μ with full support, show that conditional definiteness kernel K is equivalent to long list other properties: including, among others, convexity functional, inequalities for mixed energies, fact minimizes integral in various sen...

Kaplan (1989) showed us that demonstratives are special for two reasons. First, they are connected to the context: the “canonical” uses of demonstratives (to adopt Roberts’s (2002) terminology) are associated with demonstrations, extralinguistic acts that determine the reference. Second, they’re a particularly clear case of constituents with what Kaplan calls “prepropositional” content – that i...

We argue that both Russellian and Heimian definites exist in natural languages. Our account captures both the commonality and difference between the two. Further, we suggest that the Russel-lian/Heimian distinction extends to indefinites too.

Several attempts have been made to modify the quasi-Newton condition in order obtain rapid convergence with complete properties (symmetric and positive definite) of inverse Hessian matrix (second derivative objective function). There are many unconstrained optimization methods that do not generate definiteness matrix. One those is symmetric rank 1( H-version) update (SR1 update), where this sat...

In matrix computations, such as in factoring matrices, Hermitian and, preferably, positive definite elements are occasionally required. Related problems can often be cast as that of existence of respective elements in a matrix subspace. For two dimensional matrix subspaces, first results in this regard are due to Finsler. To assess positive definiteness in larger dimensional cases, the task bec...

There has been much recent work investigating second language (L2) acquisition of English articles by speakers of article-less L1s (Huebner 1983, Master 1987, Parrish 1987, Thomas 1989, Kaneko 1996, Leung 2001, Ionin, Ko and Wexler 2004, Hawkins et al. 2006, Ko, Ionin and Wexler 2006, Ionin, Zubizarreta and Bautista Maldonado 2008, Trenkic 2008, among others). Examining L2-learners production o...