The main challenge with particle filtering is particle degeneracy and the accurate estimation cannot be achieved generally because of serious impoverishment problem, although resampling operation could solve degeneracy to a certain extent. In this paper, we propose an improved particle filtering approach based on biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm, called BBO-PF, for state estimati...

Present day data allow significant reconsideration of ideas on mechanisms underlying the degeneracy in the genetic code. Here a hypothesis is presented which links the degeneracy to possible conformational alterations in the codon-anticodon duplex. This enables explanation of Rumer symmetry in the table of the genetic code, coding of methionine and tryptophane without degeneracy and even predic...

The problem of degeneracy in marginalized particle filtering is addressed. In particular, we note that the degeneracy is caused by loss of entropy of the posterior distribution and design maximum entropy estimates to prevent this. The main technique used in this report is known as forgetting. It is shown that it can be used to suppress the problem with degeneracy, however, it is not a proper cu...

We use mathematical methods based on generating functions to study the statistical properties of the black hole degeneracy spectrum in loop quantum gravity. In particular we will study the persistence of the observed effective quantization of the entropy as a function of the horizon area. We will show that this quantization disappears as the area increases despite the existence of black hole co...

We consider the impact of neutral-current (NC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) on the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. We show that in presence of NSI there is an exact degeneracy which makes it impossible to determine the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of the solar mixing angle θ12 at oscillation experiments. The degeneracy holds at the probability level and for arb...

The recent experimental results on the spectrum of highly excited light nonstrange mesons are known to reveal a high degree of degeneracy among different groups of states. We revise some suggestions about the nature of the phenomenon and put the relevant ideas into the final shape. The full group of approximate mass degeneracies is argued to be SU(2)f × I ×O(4), where I is the degeneracy of iso...

We report an unexpected systematic degeneracy between different multiplets in an inversion symmetric system of two coupled Gaudin models with homogeneous couplings, as occurring for example in the context of solid state quantum information processing. We construct the full degenerate subspace (being of macroscopic dimension), which turns out to lie in the kernel of the commutator between the tw...

Gravity probes only the total energy-momentum tensor, which leads to a perfect degeneracy for generalized dark energy models. Because of this degeneracy, m cannot be measured. We demonstrate this explicitly by showing that the combination of cosmic microwave background and supernova data is compatible with very large and very small values of m for a specific family of dark energy models. We als...

We study geometric engineering of Argyres–Douglas superconformal theories realized by type IIB strings propagating in singular Calabi–Yau threefolds. We use this construction to count the degeneracy of light BPS states under small perturbations away from the conformal point, by computing the degeneracy of D3–branes wrapped around supersym-metric 3–cycles in the Calabi–Yau. We find finitely many...

We consider the top-bottom doublet in the background of the sphaleron for the realistic case of large non-degeneracy of fermion masses, in particular m b = 5 GeV and m t = 175 GeV. We propose an axially symmetric (r, θ)-dependent ansatz for fermion fields and investigate the effects of the non-degeneracy on them. The exact solution is described, with an error less than 0.01%, by a set of ten ra...