Word semantics is gaining increasing interest within linguistics in view of both, more adequate representational structures of the semantic system and methods and procedures to analyse it empirically. Due to the fact formal and operational means have been devised to describe and represent word connotation and/or denotation, this paper discusses some of the empirical problems connected with natu...

Design process of computing systems gradually evolved to a level that encompasses formal verification techniques. However, the integration of formal verification techniques into a methodical design procedure has many inherent miscomprehensions and problems. The paper explicates the discrepancy between the real system implementation and the abstracted model that is actually used in the formal ve...

The notion of context arises in assorted areas of artificial intelligence (AI), including knowledge representation, natural language processing, intelligent information retrieval, etc. Although the term ‘context’ is frequently employed in descriptions, explanations, and analyses of computer programs in these areas, its meaning is frequently left to the reader’s understanding. In other words, it...

In this paper, we argue that symbols are conventional vehicles whose chief function is denotation, while models are epistemic vehicles, and their chief function is to show what their targets are like in the relevant aspects. And we explain why this is incompatible with the deflationary view on scientific modeling. Although the same object may serve both functions, the two vehicles are conceptua...

Numerous attempts have been made to model the phenomenon of reference to individual entities, or denotation. This paper presents a unified and grounded approach to the function of articles, inspired from French noun phrases. It is claimed that entities occupy in reality various referring cases, which an agent capable to perceive its environment may represent and express. The model attempts to s...

This paper presents the methodology and the linguistic criteria followed to enrich the AnCora-Es corpus with the semantic annotation of deverbal nominalizations. The first step was to run two independent automated processes: one for the annotation of denotation types and another one for the annotation of argument structure. Secondly, we manually checked both types of information and measured in...

Contextual equivalence equate terms that have the same observable behaviour in any context. A standard contextual equivalence for CCS is the strong barbed congruence. Configuration structures are a denotational semantics for processes in which one define equivalences that are more discriminating, i.e. that distinguish the denotation of terms equated by barbed congruence. Hereditary history pres...

Classical intensional semantic representation languages, like Montague (1974)’s Intensional Logic (IL), do not accommodate fine-grained intensionality. Montague, following Carnap (1947), characterizes intensions as functions from worlds (indices of worlds and times) to denotations, and so reduces intensional identity to equivalence of denotation across possible worlds. As has frequently been no...

We add the notion of time to denotational models of the λcalculus. The denotation is no longer constant through reduction, but rather decreases with respect to an appropriate order. Categorically, we use a monad over a cartesian category, an order over the morphisms of the Kleisli category, and a Galois connection to model β-reduction. We define a generic monad (time as a resource), and an inst...

We examine the strategies of organizing terminological information in WordNet, and describe an analogous strategy of adding terminological senses of lexical units to plWordNet, a large Polish wordnet. Wordnet builders must cope with differences in lexical and terminological definitions of a term, and with the boundaries between terminological and lexical information. A somewhat adjusted strateg...