Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors responsible for gene expression regulation and function as transcriptional regulators of adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism. Members of PPAR family, especially PPAR gamma, are predominantly expressed in adipose tissue and have been demonstrated as important regulators of stem cell ...

MBX-102/JNJ39659100 (MBX-102) is in clinical development as an oral glucose-lowering agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. MBX-102 is a nonthiazolidinedione (TZD) selective partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma that is differentiated from the TZDs structurally, mechanistically, preclinically and clinically. In diabetic rodent models, MBX-102 has insuli...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...

OBJECTIVE The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma plays an important role in controlling cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to examine whether PPAR-gamma expression was reduced in skin scleroderma fibroblasts and whether PPAR-gamma agonists could suppress the persistent fibrotic phenotype of skin scleroderma fibroblasts. METHODS Der...

In the 60% pancreatectomy (Px) rat model of beta-cell adaptation, normoglycemia is maintained by an initial week of beta-cell hyperplasia that ceases and is followed by enhanced beta-cell function. It is unknown how this complex series of events is regulated. We studied isolated islets and pancreas sections from 14-day post-Px versus sham-operated rats and observed a doubling of beta-cell nucle...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcriptional factors. Among other functions, PPAR-gamma acts as a key regulator of the adipogenesis. Since several cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta) had been known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we examined the effe...

objective(s):this study examined whether conjugated linoleic acid (cla) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppar-γ) and glucose transporter type 4 (glut-4) protein expressions in the skeletal muscles of rats during endurance exercise. materials and methods:sprague-dawley male rats were randomly divided into hs (high-fat diet (hfd) se...

Recently, we demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands, either 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) or ciglitazone, increased endothelial nitric oxide (.NO) release without altering endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (4). However, the precise molecular mechanisms of PPAR-gamma-stimulated endothelial.NO release remain ...

PURPOSE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is the target of the insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glaucoma and other retinal disorders are some of the major complications in diabetes. In the present study, the role that PPAR-gamma ligands play in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC...

CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is a macrophage receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and may play a critical role in atherosclerotic foam cell formation. We have previously demonstrated that OxLDL, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) enhanced expression of CD36. The effect of OxLDL on CD36 is due, in part, to its ability to activate the tr...