Triangle inequality violations (TIVs) are the effect of packets between two nodes being routed on the longer direct path between them when a shorter detour path through an intermediary is available. TIVs are a natural, widespread and persistent consequence of Internet routing policies. By exposing opportunities to improve the delay between two nodes, TIVs can help myriad applications that seek ...

In this paper, we present a new class of attacks against an anonymous communication protocol, originally presented in ACNS 2008. The protocol itself was proposed as an improved version of ModOnions, which exploits universal re-encryption in order to avoid replay attacks. However, ModOnions allowed the detour attack, introduced by Danezis to re-route ModOnions to attackers in such a way that the...

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and information processing in the hippocampal and basal ganglia systems. The augmentation of cAMP signalling through the selective inhibition of phosphodiesterases represents a viable strategy to treat disorders associated with dysfunction of these circuits. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibit...

In wireless sensor networks, an important issue of Geographic Routing is “local minimum” problem, which is caused by “hole” that blocks the greedy forwarding process. Existing geographic routing algorithms use perimeter routing strategies to find a long detour path when such a situation occurs. To avoid the long detour path, recent research focuses on detecting the hole in advance, then the nod...

In this report we propose to use the daily traceroute data generated by iPlane [9] to improve the reliability of the Internet paths. Previous work put forth a simple idea of using an overlay network of intermediary detour nodes that can be used to route around failures on direct Internet paths [1]. We provide the mechanism for choosing these intermediary nodes. The underlying idea of our work i...

Internal representations of the environment are often invoked to explain performance in tasks in which an organism must make a detour around an obstacle to reach a target and the organism can lose sight of the target along the path to the target. By simulating a detour task in evolving populations of robots (Khepera) we show that neural networks with memory units perform better than networks wi...

We address two questions regarding square-well potentials from a didactic perspective. The first question concerns whether or not the justification of standard priori omission potential’s vertical segments in analysis eigenvalue problem is licit. detour we follow to find out answer considers trapezoidal potential, includes solution, analytical and numerical, corresponding then analyzes behavior...

Over the years, travelers are increasingly relying on navigation services to inform their route choices and save time. How much value—in terms of saved time—can these indeed provide users? The answer is not as simple one may think because value traffic information only depends its accuracy, but also how widely it shared among travelers. For instance, an incident has highest for a traveler when ...