This study explores the influence of trade policy uncertainty on medical innovation investment in developing nations from 1980 to 2020, with a focus period COVID-19. We used exogenous and heterogeneous exposure trade-policy-uncertainty resolutions countries’ adjustments, which reduced tariff hikes imported goods double difference-in-differences method. ARDL PVAR has been studied for long-run sh...

Governments in the developing world are under a lot of international and national pressure to review and update their processes. Internationally, donors and governments in the developed world are urging governments of developing nations to increase transparency, support decentralization, decrease corruption and participate in global digital information sharing. Nationally, the private sector de...

The International Migration of Health Professionals Health workforce shortages in developed countries are perceived to be central drivers of health professionals’ international migration, one ramification being negative impacts on developing nations’ healthcare delivery. After a descriptive international overview, selected economic issues are discussed for developed and developing countries. He...