If we draw a random variable n times from Q, the probability distribution of the sum of the random variables is given by Q. This is the convolution of Q with itself n times. As n → ∞, Q tends to a normal distribution by the central limit theorem. This is shown in Figure 1. The top line is a computed normal distribution with the same mean as Q. However, as shown in Figure 3, when plotted on a lo...

It is well known that the relative motion of many particles can be described by the geodesic deviation equation. Less well known is that the geodesic deviation equation can be derived from the second covariant variation of the point particle’s action. Here it is shown that the second covariant variation of the string action leads to a string deviation equation. This equation is a candidate for ...

This paper introduces DEVIATION, a soft global constraint to obtain balanced solutions. A violation measure of the perfect balance can be defined as the Lp norm of the vector variables minus their mean. SPREAD constraints the sum of square deviations to the mean [5, 7] i.e. the L2 norm. The L1 norm is considered here. Neither criterion subsumes the other but the design of a propagator for L1 is...

ABSTRACT In the context of tomographic cosmic shear surveys, a theoretical model for one-point statistics aperture mass (Map) is developed. This formalism based on application large deviation principle to projected matter density field and more specifically angular masses. The latter holds advantage being an observable that can be directly extracted from observed be, by construction, independen...

We propose a generalization of the Saad-Shenker-Stanford duality relating matrix models and JT gravity to case in which bulk includes higher spin fields. Using $\textsf{PSL}(N,\mathbb{R})$ BF theory we compute disk trumpet partition function this theory. then study genus corrections show how differs from usual calculations. In particular, quotient by mapping class group is not enough ensure fin...

the electronic absorption spectral line shape of a diatomic molecule with harmonic potential curves is calculated using the time correlation function formalism. both the equilibrium shift and the frequency shift of the two linking electronic states ate taken into account. the spectrum is also calculated using the cumulated expansion which is related to the correlation function of the time-depen...

Studies of multiple taxa across broad-scales suggest that species distributions are shifting poleward in response to global climate change. Understanding the influence of distribution shifts on regional population indices will be an important part of interpreting population trends within local management units because, compared to a time when distribution were less dynamic, changes in populatio...

Optimal conditions are used in nondynamical formalism to diagonalize the pionproton reaction matrix as much as possible. Invariance laws are imposed to simplify the relationship between observables and bilinear combination of amplitudes. Transverse amplitudes are determined by using measured polarization parameter in xfp elastic scattering at 6.0 GeVIC