Abstract– Recently, in many countries, power systems are moving towards creating a competitive structure for trading electrical energy. These changes, along with the numerous advantages of the Distributed Generators (DGs), have created more incentives for distribution companies to use these kinds of generators more than ever before. The Volt/Var control is one of the most important control sche...

The intermittency and variability of permeated distributed generators (DGs) could cause many critical security and economy risks to distribution systems. This paper applied a certain mathematical distribution to imitate the output variability and uncertainty of DGs. Then, four risk indices—EENS (expected energy not supplied), PLC (probability of load curtailment), EFLC (expected frequency of lo...

BACKGROUND The European Commission has an Impact Assessment (IA) procedure that aims to inform decision-makers of the all important impacts that decisions may have. This article studies how health is considered in the IA procedure and how it is reflected in the reports: what aspects, whose and simply in what context health is mentioned in the IA reports. METHODS Half of the Commissions IAs fr...

In recent years, in Iran and other countries the power systems are going to move toward creating a competition structure for selling and buying electrical energy. These changes and the numerous advantages of DGs have made more incentives to use these kinds of generators than before. Therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of DGs, such as size selection and optimal placement and impact o...

BACKGROUND First generation bioethanol production utilizes the starch fraction of maize, which accounts for approximately 60% of the ash-free dry weight of the grain. Scale-up of this technology for fuels applications has resulted in a massive supply of distillers' grains with solubles (DGS) coproduct, which is rich in cellulosic polysaccharides and protein. It was surmised that DGS would be ra...

in recent years, in iran and other countries the power systems are going to move toward creating a competition structure for selling and buying electrical energy. these changes and the numerous advantages of dgs have made more incentives to use these kinds of generators than before. therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of dgs, such as size selection and optimal placement and impact o...

Few years ago Power Systems consisted mainly of large generation plants supplying distant loads through the utility grids. The last years, though, a number of factors lead this structure to change gradually. Small generators of some MW have been already dispersed (DGs) throughout the transmission grid. The distribution of smaller generation units throughout the distribution system as near as po...