Several candidate genes have been so far implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Since the principal pathogenetic mechanisms for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and PDR are different, the main pathogenetic mechanism in DR is increased vascular permeability, whereas in PDR the crucial pathogenetic mechanisms are fibrosis and neoangio...

IMPORTANCE The diagnostic accuracy of computer detection programs has been reported to be comparable to that of specialists and expert readers, but no computer detection programs have been validated in an independent cohort using an internationally recognized diabetic retinopathy (DR) standard. OBJECTIVE To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Iowa Detection Program (IDP) to detec...

BACKGROUND The use of glycemic thresholds for diabetes diagnosis is controversial. However, no information is available regarding glycemic and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) thresholds for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Iranian population. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the current investigation was to examine the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels with diab...

Objective. To investigate the risk factors of DR in Chinese T2DM patients. Methods. 2009 patients with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent eye examination, and the DR stage was defined by an ophthalmologist. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relation between DR and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk for t...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for ~80% of legal blindness in persons aged 20-74 years and is associated with enormous social health burdens. Current therapies are invasive, non-curative, in-effective 15-25% DR patients. This review outlines the potential utility microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers therapy diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs small noncoding forms RNA that may play a role pathogenesis...

Retinal vascular leakage, inflammation, and neovascularization (NV) are features of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, has shown robust protective effects against DR in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on DR in type 1 diabetes have not been reported. This study evaluated the efficacy of fenofibrate on DR in type 1 dia...

OBJECTIVE Increased retinal vasopermeability (RVP) occurs early in diabetes and is crucial for the development of sight-threatening proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). The hormone prolactin (PRL) is proteolytically processed to vasoinhibins, a family of peptides that inhibit the excessive RVP related to DR. Here, we investigate the circulating levels of PRL in association with DR in men an...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes significant visual loss on a global scale. Treatments for the vision-threatening complications of diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) have greatly improved over the past decade. However, additional therapeutic options are needed that take into account pathology associated with vascular, glial, and neuronal components of the ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). After 20 years of diabetes duration Diabetic retinopathy, occurs in 90% of the type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and in 60% of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, being the main cause of blindness in adults. High glicemia and blood pressure levels, along with the long diabetes mellitus duration, are the main risk ...

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the attenuating complications of diabetes mellitus. The key gene responsible for causing diabetic retinopathy is protein kinase C beta (PKCβ). Protein kinase C is a family of protein kinase enzymes which are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through phosphorylation mechanism and plays a crucial role in signal transduction mechanisms. Amon...