Recent discussions about mechanisms for modeling human lightness have centered on whether these mechanisms are the result of “Early Vision”, implying that lightness is calculated before depth is undertaken, or “Mid Vision”, implying the simultaneous solutions of both depth and lightness, or “High Vision” mechanisms that imply depth information is used to estimate lightness. This paper begins by...

Acknowledgements I want to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Professor Jouko Väänänen for supporting me during all these years of getting acquainted with the intriguing field of set theory. I am also grateful to all other members of the Helsinki Logic Group for interesting discussions and guidance. Especially I wish to thank Do-cent Tapani Hyttinen who patiently has worked with all ...

Diamond was discovered to be carbon in 1796, and it took more than 150 years from that time until a method of diamond synthesis was invented. The secret was pursued by many scientists but not unlocked until the 1950s, when diamond was synthesized almost simultaneously by Swedish and American researchers. Pressures of over 55,000 atmospheres and 1400C, plus molten iron to facilitate the change f...

We show how to count tilings of Aztec diamonds and hexagons with defects using determinants. In several cases these determinants can be evaluated in closed form. In particular, we obtain solutions to open problems 1, 2, and 10 in James Propp’s list of problems on enumeration of matchings [22].

Diamonds from the Rio Sorriso placer in Juina area, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, contain mineral inclusions of ferropericlase associated with MgSiO3, CaSiO3, magnesite, merrillite, and other minerals. The diamonds are resolved into two distinct genetic compositional groups: (1) protogenetic, high-Ni low-Fe (Ni = 8270–10,660 ppm; mg# 0.756–0.842) ferropericlases, (2) syngenetic, low-Ni high-Fe 600...

Diamond is perhaps the most versatile, efficient and radiation tolerant material available for use in beam detectors with a correspondingly wide range of applications in beam instrumentation. Numerous practical applications have demonstrated and exploited the sensitivity of diamond to charged particles, photons and neutrons. In this paper, a brief description of a generic diamond detector is gi...

where E is a stationary subset of some cardinal ~. Jensen (cf. I-D2]) showed that if K is regular and uncountable and V=L then O~,E holds. Following his work, a number of applications of this principle and its modifications have been developed which are wide ranging and not restricted to set theory (cf. [-D1]). Jensen had also discovered that various large cardinals carry diamond sequences with...

(2004). Presolar diamonds in Krymka: C, N and Xe isotope data from grain-size separates and comparison with other meteorites.