Abstract The procedure of tossing quantum coins and dice is described. This case an important example a because it presents typical framework employed in information processing computing. emphasis on the clarification difference between classical conditional probabilities. These probabilities are designed for characterizing different systems, either or classical, they, generally, cannot be redu...

The score function estimator is widely used for estimating gradients of stochastic objectives in Stochastic Computation Graphs (SCG), e.g., in reinforcement learning and meta-learning. While deriving the first order gradient estimators by differentiating a surrogate loss (SL) objective is computationally and conceptually simple, using the same approach for higher order gradients is more challen...

Most RPGs (role-playing games) use some sort of randomizer when resolving actions. Most often dice are used for this, but a few games use cards, rock-paperscissors or other means of randomization. There are dozens of different ways dice have been used in RPGs, and we are likely to see many more in the future. This is not an evolution from bad methods to better methods – there is no such thing a...

The Dice score is widely used for binary segmentation due to its robustness to class imbalance. Soft generalisations of the Dice score allow it to be used as a loss function for training convolutional neural networks (CNN). Although CNNs trained using mean-class Dice score achieve state-of-the-art results on multi-class segmentation, this loss function does neither take advantage of inter-class...

DICE (the DSPCAD Integrative Command Line Environment) is a package of utilities that facilitates efficient management of software projects. Key areas of emphasis in DICE are cross-platform operation, support for projects that integrate heterogeneous programming languages, and support for applying and integrating different kinds of design and testing methodologies. The package is being develope...

Most RPGs (role-playing games) use some sort of randomizer when resolving actions. Most often dice are used for this, but a few games use cards, rock-paper-scissors or other means of randomization. There are dozens of different ways dice have been used in RPGs, and we are likely to see many more in the future. This is not an evolution from bad methods to better methods – there is no such thing ...