The purpose of this study described the use digtogloss method to improve students’ skills in writing narrative text. This was classroom action research which consisted planning, implementation, and reflection. qualitative data gathered using an observation sheet, interview, diary notes. quantitative taken from test. analyzed qualitatively quantitatively. findings analysis showed that mean pre-t...

Private speech utilization is accepted to have a critical role in the continuum of language acquisition. As a valuable device in studying learners’ talk during interaction, a language related episode (LRE) is any part of a dialogue where a student speaks about a language problem s/he comes across while completing a task. The present study investigated the role of private speech produced by Inte...

Abstract Collaborative writing has been traditionally studied in terms of language-related episodes (LREs), which have shown to be influenced by learner proficiency. Yet, the impact collaboration on written product received less attention, especially regarding child EFL learners. Our study analyzes individual reconstructions produced 30 Spanish-Basque children (aged 11–12) before and after (T1 ...