The authenticity and reliability of urbanization levels measured by different indicators in China have not reached a consensus, which may impede our understanding of the process of urbanization and its impacts on the environment. The objective of this study was to describe a reliable method of estimating urbanization level based on the Operational Line-scan System (OLS) on the Defense Meteorolo...

Since May 2009 the first National Health Accounts (NHA) for Pakistan have been finalised and published by Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) in cooperation with German Technical Cooperation (GTZ). This paper goes one step ahead of the report and analyses in more detail the regional differences in health expenditure structures in Pakistan. The further analyses can be divided into four parts: hea...

Western region development is fundamental to the sustainable growth of China. The rapid growth in the East and the backwardness in the West vividly demonstrate its unbalanced regional economic structure. The catching-up of the Western region constitutes a major concern for the long-term sustainable development in terms of economic growth as well as in terms of politic stability. Western region ...

The Chinese government has committed to reaching its carbon emissions peak by 2030, which is a major undertaking. However, traditional carbon allocation processes may face a suite of difficulties, including the dynamics of the allocation principle, the independence of the allocation entities and data availability. Considering these difficulties, in this study, we developed a multi-level carbon ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies specific to different serogroups of Leptospira sp. in swine populations in Poland. The serological survey was conducted in 2006. A total of 7 252 swine serum samples coming from all provinces of the country were investigated. The samples were examined by the use of a microscopic agglutination test. As antigens, six Leptospira ser...

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Iran. No spatial analysis of MI has been conducted to date. The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of MI incidence and to identify the associated factors in Iran by province. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study has two parts. One part is prospective and hospital-based, and the other part is a...

Aphids are infected with a wide variety of endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits. However, the bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. This study investigated the bacterial diversity of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii associated with Bt cotton in northern China by targeting the V4 region of the 16S rDNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform. ...

This paper tests Wagner’s law of increasing state activity using panels of Chinese provinces. The paper’s main methodological contribution is in that we employ for the first time in the literature on Wagner’s law a panel unit root, panel cointegration and Granger Causality testing approach. Overall, we find mixed evidence in support of Wagner’s law for China’s central and western provinces, but...

background: fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease of livestock and human caused by fasciola species. here in, the results of serological evaluation of fascioliasis in peo­ple referring to the school of public health, tehran university of medical sci­ences during 2008-2014 are presented. methods: demographic characterizations, symptoms and eosinophil rate were registered for every patient. using so...